Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to become pregnant for a certain period of time (usually 12 months) despite regular and unprotected sexual intercourse. It can be caused by both men and women and is a common health problem affecting approximately 10-15% of couples.
Primary Infertility: It is used for couples who have never been able to get pregnant.
Secondary Infertility: Used for couples who have been pregnant at least once before, but have difficulty getting pregnant again.
Ovulation Disorders: Ovulation problems are the most common cause of female infertility. Hormone disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism can lead to this condition.
Damage or Blockage of Fallopian Tubes: Infections, endometriosis, or pelvic surgeries can cause damage to the fallopian tubes.
Uterine or Cervix Problems: Myomas, polyps, uterine deformities or cervical mucus problems.
Endometriosis: The condition in which the inner layer of the uterus (endometrium) is found outside the uterus.
Age: Advanced age may cause a decrease in egg quality and quantity.
Sperm Production Problems: Conditions such as azoospermia (no sperm production) or oligospermia (low sperm count).
Sperm Motility Problems: Disorders in sperm motility.
Sperm Morphology Problems: Abnormally shaped sperm.
Varicocele: Enlargement of the veins in the testicles.
Hormonal Disorders: Imbalance of testosterone and other hormones.
Infections: Sexually transmitted infections or reproductive system infections.
Environmental and Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, alcohol, obesity, stress, exposure to certain medications and toxins.
Medical History and Physical Examination: A detailed medical history and physical examination is performed for both men and women.
Blood Tests: To evaluate hormone levels.
Ovulation Tests: To determine whether women are ovulating.
Semen Analysis: Sperm count, motility and shape are evaluated in men.
Imaging Tests: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) or ultrasound to check whether the fallopian tubes in women are open.
Laparoscopy: Minimally invasive surgery to diagnose problems such as endometriosis or blockage in the fallopian tubes.
Infertility Treatment
Treatment varies depending on the underlying cause of infertility, the couple’s age and general health. Some common treatment options include:
1-Medication:
For Women: Medications that stimulate ovulation (clomiphene citrate, letrozole, gonadotropins).
For Men: Hormone treatments or antibiotics for infections.
2-Surgical Interventions:
For Women: Treating endometriosis, opening fallopian tubes, removing fibroids or polyps.
For Men: Varicocele repair, unblocking sperm ducts.
3-Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART):
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): Placing sperm directly into the uterus.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Fertilization of eggs in the laboratory and transfer of the embryo to the uterus.
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): Injecting a single sperm directly into an egg.
4-Lifestyle Changes:
A healthy diet, regular exercise, reducing smoking and alcohol consumption, stress management.
Infertility can significantly impact couples’ lives, and the treatment process can be emotionally challenging. However, thanks to advances in modern medicine and assisted reproductive techniques, successful treatment and a healthy pregnancy are possible for many couples. If you are facing infertility problems, you can evaluate appropriate diagnosis and treatment options by consulting a reproductive health specialist.
Here's Frequently Asked Questions About Interfility
Infertility is the inability to conceive a child after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. For women over the age of 35, it is defined as the inability to conceive after six months of trying.
Common causes include ovulation disorders, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, uterine or cervical abnormalities, low sperm count or motility, hormonal imbalances, and lifestyle factors such as stress, obesity, and smoking.
Advantages include increased chances of conception, personalized treatment plans, access to advanced reproductive technologies, improved understanding of reproductive health, and emotional support throughout the treatment process.
Some infertility treatments may cause mild discomfort or pain, such as during egg retrieval or hormone injections. However, most procedures are minimally invasive, and pain management options are available to ensure patient comfort.
The duration of infertility treatment varies based on the specific condition and treatment plan. Some treatments may take a few weeks, while others, like in vitro fertilization (IVF), can take several months from initial consultation to embryo transfer.
Success rates vary depending on factors such as the underlying cause of infertility, age, and the specific treatment used. For example, IVF success rates range from 20-40% per cycle, with higher success rates often seen in younger women.
After a treatment cycle, follow your doctor’s instructions carefully. This may include resting, avoiding strenuous activities, taking prescribed medications, and attending follow-up appointments to monitor progress and adjust the treatment plan if necessary.
Yes, infertility treatments are generally safe when conducted by experienced healthcare providers. As with any medical treatment, there are potential risks and side effects, but these are carefully managed and monitored by your healthcare team.
Good candidates for infertility treatments are individuals or couples who have been unable to conceive after a year of trying (or six months if the woman is over 35). Ideal candidates are in good health and have a willingness to undergo the necessary diagnostic tests and treatments. A consultation with a fertility specialist can help determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
The cost of infertility treatments varies widely depending on the type of treatment and the number of cycles required. Treatments like IVF can be more expensive than medications or simpler procedures.
To clarify your treatment process and costs, we offer a free consultation service. You can get detailed information by filling out the form below or by contacting us directly.
The Infertility treatment process involves several important steps to achieve a successful outcome. Here is a detailed summary of the treatment procedure:
